See 羌 on Wiktionary
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Han char with multiple canj",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Han char with multiple ids",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"羌 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+2 in traditional Chinese, 羊+1 in simplified Chinese, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese, 7 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 廿土竹山 (TGHU) or 廿手山 (TQU), four-corner 8021₁, composition ⿸⺶乚(G) or ⿱𦍌儿(HTJK))"
],
"id": "en-羌-mul-character-zZ2xv~XZ",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"⺶",
"⺶#Translingual"
],
[
"乚",
"乚#Translingual"
],
[
"𦍌",
"𦍌#Translingual"
],
[
"儿",
"儿#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "羌"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "婼羌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shānqiāng",
"word": "山羌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "氐羌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Qiāngrén",
"word": "羌人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Qiāngtáng",
"word": "羌塘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Qiāngjiāwān",
"word": "羌家壪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Qiāngjiāwān",
"word": "羌家塆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "羌帖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "羌戎"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Qiāngzú",
"word": "羌族"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qiānghuó",
"word": "羌活"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "羌無故實"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "羌无故实"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qiāngdí",
"word": "羌笛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "羌管"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "羌語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "羌语"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qiāngjiù",
"word": "羌鷲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qiāngjiù",
"word": "羌鹫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Ruòqiāng",
"word": "若羌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Yè'ěrqiāng",
"word": "葉爾羌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Yè'ěrqiāng",
"word": "叶尔羌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "西羌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Āqiāng",
"word": "阿羌"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Pulleyblank (1983)"
},
"expansion": "Pulleyblank (1983)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "羊"
},
"expansion": "羊 (OC *laŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler (2007)"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler (2007)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "tbq-pro",
"3": "*s-klawŋ",
"4": "",
"5": "to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "སྐྱོང",
"3": "",
"4": "to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csh",
"2": "klóng",
"3": "",
"4": "to herd; to graze"
},
"expansion": "Asho Chin klóng (“to herd; to graze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ကျောင်း",
"3": "",
"4": "to feed; to tend (cattle)"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to feed; to tend (cattle)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "羌"
},
"expansion": "羌",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "養",
"2": "to raise; to nourish"
},
"expansion": "養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to raise; to nourish”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Beckwith (2009)"
},
"expansion": "Beckwith (2009)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ine"
},
"expansion": "Indo-European",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "klank-",
"3": "",
"4": "to ride; to go by chariot"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B klank- (“to ride; to go by chariot”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A man 人 with two sheep horns 羊 on his head - barbarian. The character 羊 also indicates the pronunciation. See also 茍 and 美.\nUnclear.\nPulleyblank (1983) suggests a derivation from 羊 (OC *laŋ).\nSchuessler (2007) prefers to relate it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure”), whence Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for”), Asho Chin klóng (“to herd; to graze”), Burmese ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to feed; to tend (cattle)”); then 羌 means \"herders\". Compare 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to raise; to nourish”).\nBeckwith (2009) proposes a possible Indo-European origin; compare Tocharian B klank- (“to ride; to go by chariot”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "羌",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 43 0 0 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 41 0 0 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 40 0 1 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Qiang people"
],
"id": "en-羌-zh-character-~Wq-d90f",
"links": [
[
"～族",
"羌族#Chinese"
],
[
"～人",
"羌人#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～族, ～人) Qiang people"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 45 0 14 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 43 0 0 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 41 0 0 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 40 0 1 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Name of a historical tribe in ancient China."
],
"id": "en-羌-zh-character-2QlAckAN",
"links": [
[
"tribe",
"tribe#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
2
]
],
"english": "Reeves's muntjac",
"roman": "shānqiāng",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "山羌",
"translation": "Reeves's muntjac",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"muntjac (species of deer)"
],
"id": "en-羌-zh-character-c02RCZNX",
"links": [
[
"muntjac",
"muntjac"
],
[
"deer",
"deer#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Meaningless sentence-initial particle, often used in the Chuci."
],
"id": "en-羌-zh-character-nvPSE8k5",
"links": [
[
"Chuci",
"w:Chuci"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Meaningless sentence-initial particle, often used in the Chuci."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 43 0 0 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 41 0 0 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 40 0 1 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 26 0 10 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 26 0 10 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 9 0 0 51",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Ethnonyms",
"orig": "zh:Ethnonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-羌-zh-character-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "qiāng (qiang¹)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄧㄤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "goeng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiuⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kioⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khiong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khiang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "qiāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄧㄤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ciang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "chʻiang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "chyāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "chiang"
},
{
"roman": "cjan",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "цян"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "goeng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gēung"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "goeng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "gêng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kœːŋ⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "giong^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "giong¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯oŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxia",
"Magong",
"Hsinchu"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Lukang",
"Taipei",
"Yilan",
"Kaohsiung",
"Kinmen",
"Taichung",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiuⁿ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxia",
"Magong",
"Hsinchu"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Lukang",
"Taipei",
"Yilan",
"Kaohsiung",
"Kinmen",
"Taichung",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kiunn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxia",
"Magong",
"Hsinchu"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Lukang",
"Taipei",
"Yilan",
"Kaohsiung",
"Kinmen",
"Taichung",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kviw"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiũ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxia",
"Magong",
"Hsinchu"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Lukang",
"Taipei",
"Yilan",
"Kaohsiung",
"Kinmen",
"Taichung",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiũ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxia",
"Magong",
"Hsinchu"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Lukang",
"Taipei",
"Yilan",
"Kaohsiung",
"Kinmen",
"Taichung",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tainan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kioⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tainan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kionn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tainan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kvioy"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔ̃⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tainan",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khiong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khiong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qiofng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khiang"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khiang"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qiafng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiong"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kiong"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kiofng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "khjang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Baxter-Sagart"
],
"zh_pron": "/*C.qʰaŋ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʰlaŋ/"
}
],
"word": "羌"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese hyōgai kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-羌-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"Hyōgai",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "羌"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "강",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
},
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
"revised"
]
},
{
"form": "kang",
"tags": [
"McCune-Reischauer"
]
},
{
"form": "kang",
"tags": [
"Yale"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "hanja",
"sc": "Kore",
"sort": "강",
"tr": "gang"
},
"expansion": "羌 • (gang)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"ehmr": "",
"ehrv": "",
"ehy": "",
"eumhun": "",
"hangeul": "강",
"mr": "kang",
"rv": "gang",
"y": "kang"
},
"expansion": "羌 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)",
"name": "ko-hanja/old"
},
{
"args": {
"eumhun": "",
"hangeul": "강",
"mr": "kang",
"rv": "gang",
"y": "kang"
},
"expansion": "羌 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean hanja",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-羌-ko-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "羌"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cưng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "gừng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "khương",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"id": "en-羌-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "羌"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese hanzi",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Indo-European languages",
"Chinese terms derived from Indo-European languages",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Tibeto-Burman",
"Chinese terms spelled with 羌",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese hanzi",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese hanzi",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Ethnonyms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "婼羌"
},
{
"roman": "shānqiāng",
"word": "山羌"
},
{
"word": "氐羌"
},
{
"roman": "Qiāngrén",
"word": "羌人"
},
{
"roman": "Qiāngtáng",
"word": "羌塘"
},
{
"roman": "Qiāngjiāwān",
"word": "羌家壪"
},
{
"roman": "Qiāngjiāwān",
"word": "羌家塆"
},
{
"word": "羌帖"
},
{
"word": "羌戎"
},
{
"roman": "Qiāngzú",
"word": "羌族"
},
{
"roman": "qiānghuó",
"word": "羌活"
},
{
"word": "羌無故實"
},
{
"word": "羌无故实"
},
{
"roman": "qiāngdí",
"word": "羌笛"
},
{
"word": "羌管"
},
{
"word": "羌語"
},
{
"word": "羌语"
},
{
"roman": "qiāngjiù",
"word": "羌鷲"
},
{
"roman": "qiāngjiù",
"word": "羌鹫"
},
{
"roman": "Ruòqiāng",
"word": "若羌"
},
{
"roman": "Yè'ěrqiāng",
"word": "葉爾羌"
},
{
"roman": "Yè'ěrqiāng",
"word": "叶尔羌"
},
{
"word": "西羌"
},
{
"roman": "Āqiāng",
"word": "阿羌"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Pulleyblank (1983)"
},
"expansion": "Pulleyblank (1983)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "羊"
},
"expansion": "羊 (OC *laŋ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler (2007)"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler (2007)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "tbq-pro",
"3": "*s-klawŋ",
"4": "",
"5": "to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "སྐྱོང",
"3": "",
"4": "to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csh",
"2": "klóng",
"3": "",
"4": "to herd; to graze"
},
"expansion": "Asho Chin klóng (“to herd; to graze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ကျောင်း",
"3": "",
"4": "to feed; to tend (cattle)"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to feed; to tend (cattle)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "羌"
},
"expansion": "羌",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "養",
"2": "to raise; to nourish"
},
"expansion": "養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to raise; to nourish”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Beckwith (2009)"
},
"expansion": "Beckwith (2009)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ine"
},
"expansion": "Indo-European",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "klank-",
"3": "",
"4": "to ride; to go by chariot"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B klank- (“to ride; to go by chariot”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A man 人 with two sheep horns 羊 on his head - barbarian. The character 羊 also indicates the pronunciation. See also 茍 and 美.\nUnclear.\nPulleyblank (1983) suggests a derivation from 羊 (OC *laŋ).\nSchuessler (2007) prefers to relate it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure”), whence Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for”), Asho Chin klóng (“to herd; to graze”), Burmese ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to feed; to tend (cattle)”); then 羌 means \"herders\". Compare 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to raise; to nourish”).\nBeckwith (2009) proposes a possible Indo-European origin; compare Tocharian B klank- (“to ride; to go by chariot”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "羌",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Qiang people"
],
"links": [
[
"～族",
"羌族#Chinese"
],
[
"～人",
"羌人#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～族, ～人) Qiang people"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Name of a historical tribe in ancient China."
],
"links": [
[
"tribe",
"tribe#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
2
]
],
"english": "Reeves's muntjac",
"roman": "shānqiāng",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "山羌",
"translation": "Reeves's muntjac",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"muntjac (species of deer)"
],
"links": [
[
"muntjac",
"muntjac"
],
[
"deer",
"deer#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Meaningless sentence-initial particle, often used in the Chuci."
],
"links": [
[
"Chuci",
"w:Chuci"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Meaningless sentence-initial particle, often used in the Chuci."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "qiāng (qiang¹)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄧㄤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "goeng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiuⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kioⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khiong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khiang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "qiāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄧㄤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ciang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "chʻiang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "chyāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "chiang"
},
{
"roman": "cjan",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "цян"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "goeng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gēung"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "goeng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "gêng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kœːŋ⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "giong^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "giong¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯oŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxia",
"Magong",
"Hsinchu"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Lukang",
"Taipei",
"Yilan",
"Kaohsiung",
"Kinmen",
"Taichung",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiuⁿ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxia",
"Magong",
"Hsinchu"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Lukang",
"Taipei",
"Yilan",
"Kaohsiung",
"Kinmen",
"Taichung",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kiunn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxia",
"Magong",
"Hsinchu"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Lukang",
"Taipei",
"Yilan",
"Kaohsiung",
"Kinmen",
"Taichung",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kviw"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiũ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxia",
"Magong",
"Hsinchu"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Lukang",
"Taipei",
"Yilan",
"Kaohsiung",
"Kinmen",
"Taichung",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiũ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxia",
"Magong",
"Hsinchu"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Lukang",
"Taipei",
"Yilan",
"Kaohsiung",
"Kinmen",
"Taichung",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tainan",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kioⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tainan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kionn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tainan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kvioy"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔ̃⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tainan",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khiong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khiong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qiofng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khiang"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khiang"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qiafng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰiaŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiong"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kiong"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kiofng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "khjang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Baxter-Sagart"
],
"zh_pron": "/*C.qʰaŋ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʰlaŋ/"
}
],
"word": "羌"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese hyōgai kanji",
"Japanese kanji",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading こう",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading きょう",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading あう",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading えびす",
"Japanese kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading あきら",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading すすむ",
"Japanese terms spelled with 羌",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"tags": [
"Hyōgai",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "羌"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "강",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
},
{
"form": "gang",
"tags": [
"revised"
]
},
{
"form": "kang",
"tags": [
"McCune-Reischauer"
]
},
{
"form": "kang",
"tags": [
"Yale"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "hanja",
"sc": "Kore",
"sort": "강",
"tr": "gang"
},
"expansion": "羌 • (gang)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"ehmr": "",
"ehrv": "",
"ehy": "",
"eumhun": "",
"hangeul": "강",
"mr": "kang",
"rv": "gang",
"y": "kang"
},
"expansion": "羌 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)",
"name": "ko-hanja/old"
},
{
"args": {
"eumhun": "",
"hangeul": "강",
"mr": "kang",
"rv": "gang",
"y": "kang"
},
"expansion": "羌 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "羌"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han char with multiple canj",
"Han char with multiple ids",
"Han script characters",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"羌 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+2 in traditional Chinese, 羊+1 in simplified Chinese, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese, 7 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 廿土竹山 (TGHU) or 廿手山 (TQU), four-corner 8021₁, composition ⿸⺶乚(G) or ⿱𦍌儿(HTJK))"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"⺶",
"⺶#Translingual"
],
[
"乚",
"乚#Translingual"
],
[
"𦍌",
"𦍌#Translingual"
],
[
"儿",
"儿#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "羌"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cưng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "gừng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "khương",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "羌"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 羌 meaning in All languages combined (13.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～族, ～人",
"path": [
"羌"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "羌",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～族, ～人",
"path": [
"羌"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "羌",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～族, ～人",
"path": [
"羌"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "羌",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～族, ～人",
"path": [
"羌"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "羌",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.